Earth Simulator Essay Example Essay Example

Earth Simulator Essay Example Paper Earth Simulator Essay Introduction Earth Simulator Center Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Earth Environment System Today’s talk †¢ †¢ What is the Earth Simulator? Gift from the Earth Simulator – High resolution simulation Impact – Synoptic scale impact †¢ Heat wave . â€Å"Silk Road Patterns† – Cloud resolve-Synoptic scale extreams †¢ Typhoon . multi-scale simulations – Climate change projection †¢ Global Warming . contribute to IPCC report – Solid earth simulation †¢ Earth quark . Wave Propergation forecasting – Aurora arc simulation †¢ Toward advanced simulation methodology †¢Next stream in future The Earth Simulator? Development of ES started in 1997 with the aim of making a comprehensive understanding of global environmental changes such as global warming.?The Kyoto Protocol was opened for signature on 11th Dec. 1997.? Developed in Mar. 2002 by STA (MEXT) and NEC with 400 M$ investment.?Pr oject had been strongly promoted under Dr. Miyoshi’s direction. (Dr. Miyoshi: Passed away in Nov. 2001. )? Its construction was completed at the end of February, 2002 .?The operation started from March 2002 at the Earth Simulator Center in Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). â€Å"Computenik† news in New York TImes , 1st prize in Top 500 from 2002-2004.. (still)14th in Top 500 today. Earth Simulator ’s Impact on Society Mission of the Earth Simulator Projects ENVIRONMENT Protection of lives and properties from natural disasters and environmental destruction INDUSTRY Huge cost reduction in innovative technology development which requires massive investments SCIENCE EARTH SIMULATOR Development of innovative research tools attaching farfrom-equilibrium, nonlinear and open systems HUMAN Paradigm shift to global, future-oriented way of thinking Location of Earth Simulator Facilities TokyoEarth Simulator Site The Earth Simulator Hard Disk P rocess Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process NodesTape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor Earth Simulator Building Peak Performance : 40 TFlops Ma in Memory : 10 TBytes Magnetic Disk Tape : 2. 5 PBytes 640 processor nodes Magnetic Disks Connect Network 65m Power Supply Air-Conditioning Base-Isolation 50m Configuration of the Earth Simulator Peak performance/AP †¢ Peak performance/PN †¢ Shared memory/PN : 8Gflops : 64Gflops : 16GB †¢ Total number of APs : 5120 †¢ Total number of PNs : 640 †¢ Total peak performance : 40Tflops †¢ Total main memory : 10TB Interconnection Network (full crossbar switch) Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #1 Arithmetic Processor #7 Arithmetic Processor #0 Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #0 Arithmetic Processor #7 Arithmetic Processor #1 Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #0 Arithmetic Processor #1 Arithmetic Processor #7 Processor Node #0 Processor Node #1 Processor Node #639 Mass Data Processing System (MDPS): 2. 5PBNetwork System Yokohama Institute-Network SuperSINET October, 2004 ES-Network Ferry System FTP MDPS Server MDPS Graphic WS BRAVE Data Han dling WS Login Server ES-LAN Earth Simulator Allocation of ES resources for 2006 Strategic Project Earth Science Climate Change Solid Earth Natural Disasters International cooperation Industrial application etc Innovative Project Space and Astrophysics Government Project IPCC Contribution etc Computer Science Next Generation Algorithm Next Generation Architecture Next Generation Programming Language Atomic Energy CFD Application Nano Technology BioChemistry etc International Cooperative Research USASCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Development of high resolution reanalysis data THE CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCH SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS) THE INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE POUR L’EXPLOITATIOAN DE LA MER (IFREMER) Impact of convective system in equatorial area of ocean RECHERCH PREVISION NUMERIQUE, METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE OF CANADA (PRN/MSC) Ultra high resolution simulation of Hurricane Earl ITALIAN AEROSPACE RESEARCH CENTER (CIRA) =/cdn-cgi/l/ema il-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=aeefeeef>[emailprotected]=/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=f0b1b0b1>[emailprotected]=/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=d8999899>[emailprotected]=/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=1b5a5b5a>[emailprotected]=/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=e9a8a9>[emailprotected] High resolution weather forecasting in Italia-Alps region A A A FOR A A ATMOSPHERIC A NERC =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=d390969d87968193>[emailprotected] A GLOBAL A A A A MODELLING (NCAS) METOFFICE, HADLEY CENTRE FOR CLIMATE PREDICTION AND RESEARCH A A rance =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=c78687>[emailprotected] F =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=236263>[emailprotected] Canada =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=0e4f4e4f>[emailprotected] Italy =/cdn-cgi/ l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=f1b0b1>[emailprotected] UK USA USA USA =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=b3f2f3>[emailprotected] USA NATIONAL ENERGY RESEARCH SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (NERSC) CENTER AT LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Estimation of HPC THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Validation and Estimation of High performance Computing Advanced Visualization Method for tera-bite scale data DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA THE INTERNATIONAL ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTER (IARC) OF THE (DGG/UMN) Advanced Visualization Method for tera-bite scale data UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS Development of advanced polar region odeling A A A A A INSTITUTE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=e7a6a7>[emailprotected] Development of advanced computational methods Singapore =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=7e3f3e3f>[emailprotected] =/cdn-cgi/l/ema il-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=feaa9f97899f90bfbe>[emailprotected] NATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES =/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection class=__cf_email__ data-cfemail=6d2c2d>[emailprotected] High resolution weather forecasting modeling Impact of Ultra High Resolution Simulation for Global Atmosphere Global Ocean Typhoon Simulation 300 km vs. 10 km Horizontal resolution: 300 km Horizontal resolution: 10 km Comparison of the Kuroshio Current 100 km vs. 10 km horizontal resolution: 100 km Horizontal resolution: 10 km A Global Atmospheric Circulation Simulation with a horizontal resolution of 10 kmA Global Oceanic Circulation Simulation with a horizontal resolution of 10 km Antarctic Flow Simulation 10km resolution in the horizontal Synoptic scale impact Heat wave . â€Å"Silk Road Patterns† Temperaturedistribution on July 20, 2004 Hydrostatic AGCM:AFES Simulation Observation Japan Meteorological Agency High Pressure development resulting from meandering Westerly à ¢â‚¬Å"Silk Road Pattern† Impact of Cloud resolving scale – Synoptic scale Simulation NASA O(1000)km NASA O(1000)km O(100)m NASA O(1000)km O(100)m NASA How strong will be extream under Global Warming? Cloud Effect and Weather/ClimateCloud Effect and Weather/Climate About 10km O(100)m Cloud Effect and Weather/Climate O(1000)km About 10km O(100)m Cloud Effect and Weather/Climate O(1000)km About 10km O(100)m Not only impact to extream but also to climate change through radiation processes Scientific Gland Challenge Impact of Cloud Scale Weather Synoptic Scale Climate Change Requirements: Long Integration with Ultra High Resolution + Various components e. g. Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction (at least) Multi-Scale Simulator for Geoenvironment (MSSG) Scalability Days Weeks Prediction 1 5km for horizontal 100 vertical layersLocal heavy Rain Prediction, etc. Seasonal Annual Prediction 5-40 km for horizontal, 100 vertical layers Urban Weather /Climate Prediction 10m 2km for horizonta l, 200 vertical layers Data: Geographical Survey Institute 5 Days Forecasting of Typhoon 10 of 2003 MSSG, non-hydrostatic Global Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Simulation Horizontal resolution km Vertical resolution layers 2. 7 72 Typhoon ETAU Sea Surface Temperature after Typhoon 11 tracking JAXA http://www. eorc. nasda. go. jp/imgdata/topics/2005/tp050922. html 2005 Aqua, NASA Sea Surface temperature averaged for 5 days(24th August 28th August)Sea Surface Temperature after Typhoon 11 tracking JAXA http://www. eorc. nasda. go. jp/imgdata/topics/2005/tp050922. html 2005 Aqua, NASA Sea Surface temperature averaged for 5 days(24th August 28th August) Rainfall Prediction associated with Typhoon 10 Global with 5. 5 km resolution Observation: Nested with 1. 15 km resolution Global Warming Global Warming Simulation for IPCC AR4 CREAPI (Japan) and NCAR: National Center of Atmospheric Research (USA) A1B 750ppm:const Overshoot B1 550ppm:const?A1B senario. gradually up? overshooting senario . gradu ally down and constantChange of Precipitation in Summer Season under Global Warming Center for Climate System Research (CCSR), University of Tokyo National Institute of Environment System (NIES) Frontier Research System Center (JAMSTEC) increased 2005 70 2075 The number of hot days will be increased decreased After 70 years from now, Averaged precipitation will be increasing. 2. 5 Global averaged temperature will be up of 2. 5 2005 70 2075 Heavy precipitation will be increasing Earthquake Tokyo beneath M7 Earthquake Prof. Furumura ( Univ. Tokyo) Kumagaya Kumagaya Shinjuku 80 80 Kumagay a Shinjuku Shinnjuku 30 30Seismic wave propagation Intensity 100 cm rocky Domain 85km 90km 102km Resolution:50m 6. 3G meshes) Crust sedimentary and rocky CPU hour sedimentary Formation of aurora arcs obtained by simulation from the satellite from the ground ( Sun-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere interaction) SUN Micro-instability Solar Wind m 10 Simulation of Aurora Arc Formation Formation of Double Layer the energy spectrum of accelerated precipitating electrons Aurora Arc formation Calculate aurora brightening by oxygen and nitrogen excitation by energized precipitating electrons Magnetic field lines Down-going electrons EarthUp-going electrons Magnetosphere Convection Magnetosphere Convection 100,000,000 m macroscopic scale Streams to the Near Future †¢ Mltiscale-Multiphysics Simulations Earth Simulator provides us  »  »  »  »  » First step to Multi-scale/physics simulation Obtained the tool Next perspectives to the future Realistic feelings/motivations by researchers Further advanced simulation Science Impact of Extremes: Typhoon, Hurricane Heavy rain , Draut Atmospheric Dynamics Ocean Heat Content : Climate Change On NEXT Generation Peta-scale Supercomputing System In the Ntional Project promoted by RIKEN Thank you. Earth Simulator Essay Body Paragraphs Earth Simulator Earth Simulator Earth Simulator We will write a custom essay sample on Earth Simulator Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Earth Simulator Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Earth Simulator Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Ethics in the Workplace Essay Sample

Ethics in the Workplace Essay Sample Ethics in the Workplace Essay In order for a workplace to continue existing in harmony and have and a good dose of productivity, rules must exist. Ideally, these rules in itself must maintain the peace and are supposed to give the most optimal results possible. However, because the human factor is added to the equation, then additional systems must be put into place. Some of these systems are either encoded (or written) while others are simply understood without the need to be posted at all. All in all, these things which humans are supposed to observe and maintain in the workplace are called workplace ethics. An example of a written workplace ethic is dress code. In workplaces, corporate attires are usually considered â€Å"ethical† while your regular pajamas are not. However, as could be deduced from the statement above, some issues of â€Å"unethical behaviors† vary from workplace to workplace, since while others consider wearing corporate attires to be the ethical way of dressing when on company grounds, other companies would prefer their employees working in pajamas, or at least, in their t-shirts. Because some of the rules that guide human behaviors in the workplace vary from one to the other, most of these varying rules are coded in order for the employees to be constantly reminded of. However, there are also other workplace ethics which does not vary in between companies or workplaces. These ethical rules include respect, integrity, and honesty among others. Unlike the previous examples stated above, these ideas are what everyone inside of the workplace must imbibe an d not constantly reminded of. These ideas are essential not only for everyone, not only because they are required and expected to do so, but because it creates a better environment for everyone to produce the most optimal results without fearing that something unexpected is happening, or is coming up. To narrow down to these examples let me give one of each and describe them in a more specific manner. Honesty is one of the foremost examples of a workplace ethics. Without honesty, the workplace would simply not exist since information, data, and results should always be reported to the right channels in order to mitigate any risks or resolve any problems that might arise. Another example of an unwritten work ethic is integrity. Integrity refers to the having strong moral principles. What makes this important in understanding work ethics is that morality and ethics are very tightly knitted. Both of them came from mores (or rights) and therefore having one of these traits also means having the other one. Lastly, we have openness. This is also an important work ethics because openness also leads to better interaction and dynamics between every individual. Openness means being open to criticisms (constructive) and other ideas without prejudice which could affect ones objectivity. Following from these statements, a strong argument could be made about what constitutes a strong workplace. In order for the workplace to continually grow and succeed in reaching its goals, one could say that establishing operating rules and laws is not enough. Rules are usually for the technical and operational aspects of the company (e.g. delivery system) but are not enough to address human variable that exists in between the expected process. In line with this, it could easily be argued that an ideal workplace is one where the operating rules established are just coinciding perfectly with one’s workplaces ethics (both written and unwritten). A community where people know what to do both in their jobs as well as how to help others progresses and gains the most optimal results possible.

Nissan Automotive Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nissan Automotive - Research Paper Example For example, Renault acquired one-third shares of Nissan, but it was not contemplating on building Renault’s plant in Japan or shifting its model production in Japanese factories. Alternatively, Renault appointed a star manager, Carlos Ghosn, at CEO’s position in Nissan. Ghosn restructured the company, hence restoring Nissan to profitability (Crooks, 2010). This analysis suggests a simple model for FDI where Nissan as a heterogeneous investor bid to secure the control rights on proposed or existing overseas assets; the formulation is capable of explicitly considering more than two countries or market. The model avails a strategy utilized in bilateral FDI for analyzing bilateral trade in goods; its specification entails an inward effect showing characteristics pertaining to the destination country, an outward efficacy indicating the features of origin country, and a vector consisting pair-specific variables that reflect monitoring costs (Forum, 2010). The model is applied or estimated using five countries. In the second stage, the estimated outward and inward fixed effects related to variables that are predicted by the model. Then the formulation of the model is aggregated into yielding simple table used for each country’s share of the world Automobile FDI (Obashi, 2010). Many firms engage in FDI without exploiting the external markets directly via the exportation. They focus on location, internalization, and ownership advantages with internalization of intangible assets. Ownership advantage depends on the managerial and technological superiority of home country’s firm in relation to the hosting country firms. This superiority should be sufficient to deal with the extra costs incurred as a result from differences in business customs, informal and formal norms, and languages. As a result, the ownership is directly linked with control; hence control turns weaker when ownership

Describe some important features of the retail sector and provide some Essay

Describe some important features of the retail sector and provide some real world examples - Essay Example Conversely, small stores still survive in the retail business as a result of retaining customer base regardless of stiff competition from large or super stores (Scarborough, 2012). In a turn of events, most departmental stores worldwide seems to wane and this has forced such departmental stores to reposition themselves in the market (Lincoln & Lars, 2007). For instance, there are departmental stores that are now shifting to apparel stores from supplying consumers with general merchandise. In order to attract customers, retail stores are now focusing on offering customers discount. Offering discount is a key feature in the retail sector today, such discounts involves lowering prices of goods or offering money back guarantee to entice more customers. Examples of retail store engaging in offering customers discount include, the Wal-Mart (Lincoln, 2009). In the same industry, there are retailers who focus on one type of product category. This is a strategy meant to expand their grip in the market and gain competitive edge. Such retailers are also termed as, Category Killers and examples include Toy stores or Home Depot and are considered to have a larger market share with regard to product category. For instance, the Toys R U currently enjoy a market share of 20%. As a result of improvement in information technology, retailers are now capitalizing on this avenue to attract consumers. Direct marketing embraces strategies like direct mail and catalog marketing, and examples of stores relying on direct marketing include cosmetic stores (Dennis, 2009). Further, the retail industry is mainly influenced by demographic changes and as a result, the preference by consumers is shifting towards a demand for certain goods and services. This trend forces retailers worldwide to remain vigilant and adapt to the frequent changes in the retail market. With regard to mergers or acquisition, retail stores that dominate

International Business Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

International Business Practices - Essay Example The optimal structure for Physical Movement Company is an international division structure with centralized control. An international division structure separates the international division from the domestic operations. This structured is considered the most appropriate structure for rookie players in the international business since it completely separates the revenue streams obtain from oversee operations, inclusively it separates it between the divisions which in this case would be one per country for a total of three divisions. Centralized control is the best approach because the management of the company wants to learn from the integration into foreign markets and needs to be involved in the decision making as much as possible. The table below illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of centralized approaches: The international division structure will allow the company to carefully analyze the chosen markets and implement different marketing strategies in each of the markets. The company currently has different theories and marketing plans which they believe based on their research will work, but only time will tell the effectiveness of the plans. As the company matures they can systematically switch from a centralized to decentralize managerial style on a case by case basis per division. Decentralization of particular divisions could be allowed in locations in which the company’s plans were successfully implemented. If the company enjoys significant growth internationally and expands into other markets then the company may purse reorganizing its international organizational structure into an international area structure or global product structure. A full implementation of the international business structure will take some time. The first step is to locate the physical space in which the division will operate in each of the countries which

Social Work Domestic Violence Case Study

Social Work Domestic Violence Case Study You are working as a Social Worker in a Gateway Team. A referral is received from the PSNI that they attended an incident of domestic abuse the previous Saturday evening. The referral is being made because there are two children in the household aged 4 years and 18 months. Discuss the main roles and responsibilities of the Social Work profession, including law and policy, service user perspectives, the social work process, and professional ethics and values. Social work involves working with some of the most vulnerable people who have been oppressed or disadvantaged in Society. The role of the Social Worker is to challenge these oppressions to help service users help themselves. It is about promoting change, and is underpinned by laws, theories, policies and procedures. Social Work as a profession has never experienced so many changes in policy and practice (Iwaniec and Hill 20099) Theory is far from benign and practitioners need to ensure that their understanding of theory has not stopped, slowed or become misplaced (Helm 2010) although they cannot represent an absolute truth they can help understand, explain and bring about change. (Howe 1990) For the purpose of this assignment the assumption is that this is a heterosexual married couple where the husband is committing domestic violence against his wife. The Gateway team is the first point of contact when children are involved, when the referral is made, their input; although may be short term has a crucial impact in ensuring the safety of the children. It is their duty to investigate, the Social Worker must see this family within twenty four hours or the reasons why this cannot be achieved must be clearly recorded (Laming, 2003, Recommendation 53) It is the Social Workers duty to make contact with this family as soon as possible. It may be beneficial to look at the four main parts of the helping cycle which are Assessment, Care Planning, Implementation and Review. (Taylor and Devine 1993) Although Gateway doesnt tend to execute care plans, except possibly on a short term basis, this cycle can provide a firm foundation for the Social Work process. On receipt of this referral the Social Work process begins, Social work is never mechanistic or predictable and any encounter is seen as unique, Social Workers need to be properly prepared to ensure effective practice. One of the most important methods of preparation for Social workers is that of Tuning in which should begin when the referral has been received. Shulman (1992) has described this as involving effort from the workers to get in touch with potential feelings and concerns the Service User may bring to the helping encounter. This should help the Social Worker prepare for undertaking the referral with a more objective approach; they may equip themselves with information to be provided as a means of empowering the family such as agencies they can connect with. Social work has been described as a practical moral activity. (Parrott 2010 3) Before attending any referral it is important the Social Worker takes into account their own values, we all have a set of beliefs that influence our actions they relate to what we believe others should do or what we should be doing (Parrott 2010) Values are influenced by things such as culture, family, and life experience. As a Social Work practitioner there is a professional set of values that must be reflected in practice. It is important to be aware of our own values and understand that there will be occasions when our personal and professional values will conflict. The Cornerstone of a high quality assessment is a sound value base, which challenges oppression and respects individuals rights. Middleton (1997) believes the process of assessment is firmly rooted in the context of Social Work values and individual difference is central if the process is not going to disempower the individual. Several potential pitfalls in making judgement are identified by Milner and OByrne (2009) such as, stereotyping, labelling people and attributing certain characteristics to people because how we perceive they are likely to behave, as a Social Worker it is important to be able to recognise these downfalls and try to avoid them, to ensure effective practice. Our values and views of childhood can play a part in the assessment process. (Helm 2010162) Due to the possible risk to the children it may be difficult to feel respect for the father; he is allegedly carrying out domestic violence in the family home, putting both his wife and children at risk from harm. It is important as a Social Worker to be clear that, although the actions may not be respected it is a professional duty to respect the persons as an individual in their own right. Recognising potential value conflicts can contribute to effective practice. Milner and Byrne (2009) argue assessment is a key task in social work practice. It is an ongoing process involving Service User participation, with the purpose of understanding people in relation to their environment. (Coulshed and Orme, 2006) Assessment demands the ability to organise, systemise and rationalise knowledge gathered, the Social Worker needs to be sensitive and demonstrate the ability to value the uniqueness of each individual assessed. (Parker and Bradley 200716). Practitioners require the skill and determination to find methods of communication to demonstrate their competence.'(Thomas and OKane 2000819) One of the most controversial and complex areas of Social Work is the assessment of a child and their family when there are concerns about the welfare of the child. (Holland 2004) So it is important that all knowledge is kept up to date. It is important that the assessment ensures full involvement of the family and any significant others, portraying respect and consideration, working in partnership with the family will be beneficial. The Social Worker needs to be open and honest and give the family a clear understanding of the assessment process and their roles within it. In this particular case the exchange model could be applied, where it is seen that the service user is their own best expert, the interview should be collaborative, the family will know what problems they are facing, they will be able to provide their perspectives on what is happening. Part of the assessment process would be to gather information, through observation, questioning and the interview process. The Social Worker will need to be aware what they are looking to find out and decide who they need to speak with, the parents, the children and any significant other that could provide an insight into the family setting. As Part of the tuning in process it is important that the Social Worker works in partnership with other agencies as this might help to get a clearer understanding of the situation, they must liaise with the police as they were the ones that made the referral and it may also be beneficial to speak to the familys GP and the health visitor, as there is an 18th month old child in the house the health visitor may have made regular visits and could give a good insight into the family and the childrens development. Observation is a critical element of assessment (Holland 2004) Observing the family is a major part of the assessment process, visualising how they interact with each-other and how the children interact with both parents, it is important to look for signs of disruption and possibly fear on the part of the children. Observation can allow the practitioner to see how the childrens daily life looks like with particular reference to emotional abuse and neglect (Helm 2010) as both children are still young the use of observation with reference to the attachment theory could provide vital information as the attachment theory focuses on how the children interact with their parents. The childs development can be affected by lack of attachment with parents. (Hirschy and Wilkinson 2009) What is being said and what is being done may not be easily to depict, the use of observation allows the practitioner to validate what is being said or it may provide contradictory evidence that needs to be addre ssed. (Helm 201057) Another crucial area of the assessment is the interview process. The parents, the children and any significant others, will need to be interviewed in relation to this case, to provide a holistic view of what is happening and the effect it may be having on the children. Interviewing others outside the family may cause controvsersy with the parents as the Human Rights act (1998) states people have the right to a private and family life, (www.legislation.gov.uk) if there is a possibility the children are at risk all avenues need to be assessed. When interviewing the parents it is important that their rights are promoted. Questions need to be appropriately structured to ensure that the family are not oppressed in anyway. Ethics are an important part of Social Work (Banks 2006) According to the Northern Ireland Social Care Council (NISCC www.niscc.info) Social Workers should promote the independence of the Service Users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people. It is important to consider the mothers view of the situation, although the purpose of the Gateway team is primarily to look after the welfare of the child, they must also be aware of the oppression being faced by the other members in the family and promote their rights. As the mother is suffering from domestic violence, it may be beneficial to provide her with advice and with information on Womens aid who provide support for anyone who suffers from domestic violence; it may help to empower her and give her a sense of self determination. She may not wish to leave for several reasons but she should be aware that it is not only her that is suffering, her children are as well. OLoughlin and OLoughlin (2008) believe that some mothers experiencing domestic violence may emotionally distance themselves from their children, resulting in emotional neglect. Information on certain laws could be provided; one main order would be The Family Homes and Domestic Violence (NI) Order (1998) which includes two orders, the non-molestation order and the occupation order. It is useful to provide the family with this information because if the problem still persists this law gives the authority for the abuser to be removed from the home where children are involved. (White 2007) Providing this information can empower the mother. Womens Aid believes all forms of domestic violence come from the abusers desire for power and control over family members or intimate partners. (www.womensaid.org.uk). When interviewing the father it is crucial the practitioner is non-judgemental and shows respect, he may view himself as the dominant figure in the family, the idea of male patriarchy may play a part here therefore it may prove valuable talking with the father to give advice and provide information on possible anger management classes that he could attend, which may be of benefit to him and his family. When carrying out assessment with Children the Social Worker with utilize UNOCINI, which provides the framework for assessing and providing services to children and their families, by ensuring timely high quality assessments with a focus on achieving good outcomes for children. It is important to explain to the family the purpose of UNOCINI. Using the UNOCINI framework provides the Social Worker with in-depth knowledge of the circumstances at hand and can aid the Social Workers role of advocacy, representing the views of the children. It can help the Social Worker assess areas such as the childrens development, the family relationships, emotional warmth and education and learning. UNOCINI emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary contributions to the holistic assessment of the childs needs (Boginsky 2008) such as work with GP and health visitor and adequate levels of communication between Social Work teams and can provide evidence of the level of help required. The main purpose of the assessment is to identify possible risked posed to the children. The Childrens (NI) Order 1995 is put in place to protect the child. When assessing a case like this it is extremely important to understand the laws that are crucial, as Social Work laws unpin practice. The Paramouncy Principle states that when a childs upbringing is being considered, the childs welfare will be the paramount consideration. (White 2007) The Social Worker is required to work with and on behalf of the service users. When interviewing the children it is important that the Social Worker uses appropriate language that the children understand, explain to them why your there and what the situation is. The Childrens (NI) order (1995) which states children should be kept informed. (www.dsspsni.gov.uk) it is the responsibility of the Social Worker to ensure that both the childs welfare is protected and their voice is heard. (Brandon et al 1998) The needs of the children must be recognised. People First NI (1995) believes that needs led assessments are the cornerstone of community care. Children have rights and needs just like adults, to have their views and feeling heard and to be treated with respect they need to be able to talk to adults they trust. (Brandon et al 1998) By asking children to communicate in ways that suit adults, such as talking, reading and writing, we play to adult competencies and not to those of children . (Helm 2010170) Social Workers need to be accountable for the quality of their work and should consistently be maintaining and improving their skills (NISCC www.niscc.info) In order to ensure effective communication the Social Worker must try to build a rapport with the children; this could be done through trying to engage their attention, to help develop a relationship that will help the Social Worker to learn from the child. There are possible ways this can be done; the use of a basic kit bag may prove beneficial, containing items such as play people, soft animals or soft balls. (Brandon et al 1998) It is vital to try to understand what is happening from the childrens perspectives to help assess the level of risk they face; children need to be listened too. Domestic violence can have a huge impact on children of all ages, age can influence the way in which children make sense of their experiences and how they demonstrate certain anxieties. The children in this family are an infant and a child of preschool age. Oloughlin and Oloughlin (2008) believe in situations of domestic violence an infants needs may not be met, such as personal hygiene, cognitive development may be delayed through inconsistent neglect, and they become insecurely attached which could put the infant at risk. Younger children do not have the ability to express themselves verbally and research has shown that children of preschool age tend to be the group to demonstrate the most behavioural disturbances (Hughes 1988; Cited by Humphreys and Stanley 2006 20) they may become withdrawn and display poor concentration, which may possibly be identified through observation of the children. The Social Worker is required to carry out a risk assessment in relation to the children. As this is an alleged case of domestic violence the children may be at risk. Brearleys model of risk assessment is a good focus point as it can help determine the level of risk. The four stages of Brearleys model are predisposing hazards; situational hazards; dangers and strengths, doing so may help inform the Social Worker of the level of support the family require. Safeguarding the child is essential so it is imperative that a detailed, well informed assessment is completed. It is vital to uncover what the children have seen or heard and if they have ever been abused themselves, due to the age of the younger child this may be difficult to ascertain. However the liaison with the health visitor could provide more information on the childrens wellbeing and also their stages of development. Bronfenbrenners (1979) theory of ecological development would be a beneficial theory to be aware of when observing the children. This theory looks at a childs development within the context of the system of relationships that form his or her environment. He believes that if the relationships in the home break down, the child will not have the tools to explore other parts of their environment. (Crawford and Walker 2010) All children witnessing domestic violence are being emotionally abused (Womens Aid) and may be at risk of harm. Harm is defined in the Children Order as ill-treatment or the impairment of health or development and from the above statements we can see adverse effect that domestic violence within the home can have on children. (Probation Board for Northern Ireland 2006) Throughout the assessment it is vital that the interests of the child are always at the forefront. Frequent exposure to domestic violence can predispose children to social, emotional and physical problems and through this they may learn unhealthy ways of expressing anger teaching them that it is okay to hit others and to get away with it. (Newman and Newman 20084) When the assessment is completed the Social Worker must record all details accurately. The practitioner needs to be open and honest with the family about the information and findings. Review and evaluation is central to good practice (Parker and Bradley 2007) The Social Worker must review their assessment to determine the level of support and protection the children and the family require. Reflection is required so the Social Worker can determine if their practice could be improved and if they have carried out the assessment in the best interests of the children and the family. If Care planning is required, it is important that a plan is constructed that meets the needs of the family and safeguards the well being of the children. If the assessment highlights that the children are in need; in conjunction with Hardikers thresholds of intervention, it is possible for the gateway team to put in a short term plan which would set aims and objectives within the family; to support them with partnership from other agencies involved. Gateway only work on short term basis, if this family require more support a referral will be made to the family intervention team so they can provide the appropriate support to enable the family to stay together where possible. However if it is a child protection nature, a case conference may be required to decide if the children should be placed on the child protection register. Information should be passed within an appropriate timescale to ensure that the needs of the family are properly met. Communication between the agencies is vital to ensure the correct care is provided. The Childrens (NI) Order (1995) highlight that Parents with children in need should be helped to bring up their children themselves and such help should be provided in partnership with parents. (www.dhsspsni.gov.uk) A social worker being present at an important point in another persons life can make a big difference. (Parker and Bradley 200790). Although the family can be a source of danger to a child, supporting the family in most cases can be the most productive way to protect the child. (Brandon et al 1998) The principles associated with the legislation require practitioners to work in partnership with children and families, (Helm 2010) to enhance the well being of the children. The key aspects of Social Work are the practitioners interventions orientated towards enhancing childrens wellbeing; ensuring that they grow up in healthy and safe environments; and developing their full potential.'(Dominelli 200925) Owen and Pritchard (1993) highlight, it is important that the rights of the parents, the child and the legal system are balanced and the role of professionals in protecting the rights of children will be promoted if we actively listen to the voices of children and take their thoughts into consideration when making decisions can act in the best interests of the child. Social Work is complex and diverse and the roles and tasks allotted to it are equally varied. (Parker and Bradley 2007117) One important point to remember is that every case is unique; everyone should be treated with respect as an individual, Social Workers should have the knowledge to deal with the different demands of different situations to ensure efficient, effective practice.

State Of The Union Address Essay :: essays research papers

State of the Union Address Essay President Clinton has declared that "the enemy of our time is inaction," pledging to forge bipartisan agreements on a balanced budget and campaign finance reform within months, and to lead a "national crusade" to improve education by the turn of the century. Education, Clinton vowed, would be his "number-one priority for the next four years," and he devoted the longest portion of his address to this. He appealed for "national standards" to improve student performance and pledged to promote such standards with voluntary tests prepared by the federal government. Most of the ideas Clinton presented last night first appeared as poll- tested proposals in his reelection campaign last fall: expanding the 1993 "Family and Medical Leave Act" to include time off from work for parent-teacher conferences; school curfews; and tax credits and deductions to subsidize college education. But he presented these ideas using more encompassing and urgent language than before. "We face no imminent threat, but we do have an enemy: The enemy of our time is inaction," Clinton declared at the start of his speech. He finished, as he did in last month's address, by invoking the symbolism that the nation is about to pass into a new millennium. "We don't have a moment to waste," he said. "Tomorrow, there will be just over 1,000 days until the year 2000. . . . One thousand days to work together." The speech proved shorter than predicted and far more organized and disciplined than some of his previous appearances before Congress. The annual speeches to Congress have served as markers of Clinton's ideological migration. In 1993, he announced that government must do more and unveiled a raft of big- government proposals, including a $30 billion "stimulus package" that was vastly more expensive than any single proposal he offered last night.

1920s medicine Essay

The 1920s had many discoveries and innovations when it comes to medicine and science. Many of the things that we now take for granted were just getting their start during the 20s. Throughout the 1920s, new innovations in the medical and science field led to the discovery of vitamins and knowing more than ever before about the human body. New vital drugs and vaccines were created in this era that are hard to imagine not having today. The invention/discovery of the first anti-bacterial drugs saved more people from bacterial and viral infections than any previous time. Before the 1920s many medical conditions were untreatable or even deadly that we now consider to be easily cared for. Penicillin was one of the big medical discoveries of the 20s, the world’s first antibiotic. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Flemming when he was examining mold and bacterial growth. This discovery opened up the possibilities for killing bacterial infections and without this many other medical innovations would not have occurred. Insulin was another major medical discovery in the 20s. Without this people with diebetes would not be able to properly treat their condition and thousands would die from a now treatable disorder. Various types of vitamins were also discovered in the 20s that help people today stay healthy. The medical field would not be what it is today if it wasn’t for the research put in by people of the 1920s. Millions of lives were saved due to the medical discoveries that were made in the 1920s. Without Penicillin, there may have never been any antibiotics created and a bacterial infection would mean a slow death. Insulin saves those with diebetes lives daily and without it diebetes would be considered a deadly condition. Life just wouldn’t be the same today if none of medical innovations of the 20s happened.

Free Essays on Car Polution

Car Pollution Air Pollution â€Å"According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, driving a car is the single most polluting thing that most of us do.† This is not a new problem. In the 1950’s the Los Angeles smog made headline news. Car exhaust causes health problems. There are many solutions to the problem. Laws were enacted as long as twenty years ago to control pollution caused by cars. Since then laws have been made, such as special nozzles on gas pumps that prevent vapor from getting into the air. We also have more tests on cars to make sure cars are maintained in a way that protects our environment. In cities, laws ask that more people ride on buses, and employees that drive company cars should limit the time they drive and the number of trips that they make. Cars emit several pollutants that are toxic. This causes many problems. One problem it causes is cancer. Most cars generate hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Hydrocarbons caus e eye irritation, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and lung damage. Nitrogen oxide causes acid rain and leads to water quality problems. Carbon monoxide prevents oxygen from going through the lungs properly. All of these problems can be serious and affect the health of the people who live in the United States. Some solutions to the problem are: cutting down on the number of cars, traveling at steady speeds, and keeping your car in good shape. You should never over fill your gas tank. You should always use clean gas. People should buy newer cars because they are made to create less pollution. In summary, the problem of pollution from car exhaust is not new and is the single most polluting thing we do. The situation is so serious that many laws have been enacted to protect our environment. The pollutants that are emitted in car exhaust are very dangerous to our health. There are solutions to the problem if we just pay attention.... Free Essays on Car Polution Free Essays on Car Polution Car Pollution Air Pollution â€Å"According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, driving a car is the single most polluting thing that most of us do.† This is not a new problem. In the 1950’s the Los Angeles smog made headline news. Car exhaust causes health problems. There are many solutions to the problem. Laws were enacted as long as twenty years ago to control pollution caused by cars. Since then laws have been made, such as special nozzles on gas pumps that prevent vapor from getting into the air. We also have more tests on cars to make sure cars are maintained in a way that protects our environment. In cities, laws ask that more people ride on buses, and employees that drive company cars should limit the time they drive and the number of trips that they make. Cars emit several pollutants that are toxic. This causes many problems. One problem it causes is cancer. Most cars generate hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Hydrocarbons caus e eye irritation, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and lung damage. Nitrogen oxide causes acid rain and leads to water quality problems. Carbon monoxide prevents oxygen from going through the lungs properly. All of these problems can be serious and affect the health of the people who live in the United States. Some solutions to the problem are: cutting down on the number of cars, traveling at steady speeds, and keeping your car in good shape. You should never over fill your gas tank. You should always use clean gas. People should buy newer cars because they are made to create less pollution. In summary, the problem of pollution from car exhaust is not new and is the single most polluting thing we do. The situation is so serious that many laws have been enacted to protect our environment. The pollutants that are emitted in car exhaust are very dangerous to our health. There are solutions to the problem if we just pay attention....

The Bhagavad Gita The Role of Religion in Relation to the Hindu Culture

The Bhagavad Gita The Role of Religion in Relation to the Hindu Culture The Bhagavad Gita is the most influential and discussed religious text related to the Hindu culture and religion. The Bhagavad Gita is the part of the most important religious epic text Mahabharata which is traditionally followed by the representatives of the Hindu culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Bhagavad Gita: The Role of Religion in Relation to the Hindu Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, it is important to focus on the Bhagavad Gita and its role for the Hindu culture in the context of the role of religion in the Hindu society because the scripture contains the most important religious concepts and ethical principles which should be followed in the Hindu tradition. Different religious concepts and ethical issues are discussed in the scripture depending on conversations between the prince Arjuna who avoids violence and killing as the methods of impact and Krishna as God w ho provides wisdom and necessary guidance for the Hindu people. In spite of the fact that the Bhagavad Gita was written many centuries ago, its role for the Hindu religion and its impact on the accentuation of the role of religion in the society and Hindu culture are significant because the scripture provides the main religious principles which became the fundamentals of the people’s everyday life and actions. The epic situations and significant conversations between Arjuna and Krishna are discussed in the context of the battles for territories and struggles for the local superiority, but the main idea of the Bhagavad Gita is to represent the religious aspects important for the Hindu people as well as to discuss the controversial ethical and philosophical questions (â€Å"The Bhagavad Gita† 11-20). The representatives of the Hindu culture and religion can discuss the Bhagavad Gita as the main source of the ethical and religious norms and beliefs which should be followe d to achieve the religious enlightenment while becoming closer to God or even while making the union with the divine forces. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna states that a person can achieve the union with God and to avoid the karmic debt while completing the main ethical and religious principles which are the focus on self-renunciation, selfless action in relation to people and God, and meditation as the way to become closer to Krishna in order to learn the divine wisdom (â€Å"The Bhagavad Gita† 18-22).Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this perspective, the role of religion and ethical principles are closely connected in the Bhagavad Gita, and this text becomes the source of the primary religious and ethical knowledge for the Hindu people. The discussion of the role of religion in the Hindu culture is observed while presenting Krishna’s ide as on the cycle of birth and death which a human should experience in order to receive the opportunity to avoid the karmic debt and to act according to the divine ideals. Thus, following the descriptions and discussions presented in the scripture, it is possible to state that the Bhagavad Gita is important for persons to win while making this or that moral choice. It is stated in the Bhagavad Gita that selfless actions can lead persons to the enlightenment that is why this scripture is important for the Hindu religion and culture regarding the focus on the selfless devotion to moral ideals and to God (Minor 344). In this case, the text is helpful for many people in their searches of the truth in relation to the religion and ethics during the centuries. That is why, it is important to refer to the dual role of the Bhagavad Gita for the Hindu religion and the role of religion in relation to the Hindu culture from the perspective of the scripture’s role for developing the human ethics. Thus, it is possible to discuss the religious ideals of selfless actions and devotion to divine forces from the point of their ethical value regarding the concepts of virtue and duty. Gupta states that the Bhagavad Gita â€Å"instructs an individual person to do his duty as a social being, and to do so by cultivating certain excellences so that his duties become part of his nature, an expression of his abiding character† (Gupta 395). As a result, the scripture provides a range of instructions and directions for people to act religiously and morally. It is emphasized in the scripture that a person can rely on God’s love while preventing the expression of anger, ignorance, and ego instead of demonstrating selfless behaviours (Timpe 349). Thus, the role of the Bhagavad Gita in relation to the Hindu religion and culture should be emphasized with references to the text as the religious guide.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Bha gavad Gita: The Role of Religion in Relation to the Hindu Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To discuss the role of religion in the Hindu culture, it is important to pay attention to the fact that all the aspects of the persons’ life are regulated according to the definite religious principles and associated ethical norms. That is why, the Bhagavad Gita should be analyzed as the source of the most stable visions and ideas which are followed by the Hindu people during many centuries. The Bhagavad Gita is one of the first texts in which the importance of religion is discussed with references to the people’s everyday life, thus, the role of religion and faith is accentuated with the help of demonstrating the connection with the real-life situations and possible moral choices. Krishna helps Arjuna to act morally while describing the basic religious principles valued according to the Hindu tradition. Krishna focuses on the imp ortance of improving the person’s karma with the help of selfless actions and meditation (â€Å"The Bhagavad Gita† 15-20). These religious rituals are actively practiced by the representatives of the Hindu culture and tradition because they are the part of their everyday life and vision of the person’s progress. From this point, the religious fundamentals described in the Bhagavad Gita are extremely important for the Hindu people, and this fact emphasizes the role of religion within the Hindu society. Thus, the Bhagavad Gita is one of the main sources of the religious and ethical knowledge in the Hindu culture that is why this scripture is often discussed by researchers in the context of the text’s role for stating the principles of the Hindu religion and the main ethical norms and ideals connected with the religious visions and in the context of the role of religion in the society because the representatives of the Hindu culture regulate their everyday l ife with references to the religious norms. As a result, the ideas of the selfless action, devotion to the divine forces, meditation, virtuous actions to avoid the karmic debt, and importance of duties are not only described and explained in the Bhagavad Gita along with a lot of other religious issues but also followed in the Hindu culture during many centuries. Gupta, Bina. â€Å"Bhagavad Gita† as Duty and Virtue Ethics†. Journal of Religious Ethics 34.3 (2006): 373-395. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Minor, Robert. â€Å"The â€Å"GÄ «tÄ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s† Way as the Only Way†. Philosophy East and West 30.3 (1980): 339-354. Print. The Bhagavad Gita. USA: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print. Timpe, Eugene. â€Å"Hesses Siddhartha and the Bhagavad Gita†. Comparative Literature 22.4 (1970): 346-357. Print.

Principles of Health and Social Care Practice Essay - 1

Principles of Health and Social Care Practice - Essay Example Social and healthcare professionals working within the home also need to understand that they have a sense of duty to the vulnerable people that they serve. Service users can be vulnerable because of their cultural, religious, social, economic, and state of their physical health (British Association of Social Workers 2012). The vulnerable population in need of health and social services within the care home must have their human rights protected by care givers. In some cases, a prescribed mode of treatment for a vulnerable care service user might expose him or her to harm or possible abuse of their human rights. Social and healthcare professionals at the home need to understand all the implications of the any kind of care that they devise for each and every individual at the home.   Practitioners need to check on the merits and merits of certain care procedures before adopting them for different people that need care services at the home. This process ensures that people that are b eing taken care of are not subjected to any form of abuse by care givers. A case in point can be that of a care service user that has a terminal illness like cancer. Cancer treatment involves using chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has its adverse impacts on the health a persons especially the repeated chemotherapy can accelerate the side effects of the care service. As a healthcare or social service provider at the care home, one needs to use a consultative approach to making a decision on whether certain medical procedures can be good.

CONLeader-R2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CONLeader-R2 - Essay Example In this way, the nature of leadership within an organization may contribute significantly to the manner in which the organization functions because the leader influences other members of the group to work towards the achievement of group goals. In the context of examining motivation of employees at an IT firm in Doha, it must be noted that cultural and religious factors play a significant role in influencing motivation of employees and organizational performance. Budhwar and Mellahi (2006:6) have pointed out that Arabic countries are primarily masculine and conform to a hierarchical structure. Hence leadership would need to adopt a contingency approach, such that a productive balance is achieved between the requirements of each task, the team needs, the organisational climate and the situational, contextual pressures. According to this approach, a leader would need to modify his or her approach to adapt to the contextual situation. For example, in a primarily masculine context such as that which exists in the Middle East, leadership by women would not be acceptable. Additionally, male leaders would also need to be sensitive to the cultural and religious needs of their primarily Muslim workforce and must adapt to those need s. According to Peddler et al (1994, cited in Cole, 1997:318), effective managers must possess â€Å"social skills and abilities, â€Å"emotional resilience†, â€Å"continuing sensitivity to events† and â€Å"proactivity, i.e, the inclination to respond purposefully to events†. This corroborates the application of a contingency approach to management wherein a leader in a management position in the Middle East. Since HRM theories have primarily been developed and tested primarily within a Western environment, their applicability in the Middle East may be limited within the Arab environment. The problem that arises when western